As South Africa accelerates the digital transformation of its ports, industry experts are warning that cybersecurity must evolve alongside new technologies to safeguard trade and supply chain operations.
Port infrastructure is becoming increasingly connected through digital systems that integrate cargo handling equipment, terminal operations, logistics providers and shipping platforms. While these technologies promise greater efficiency and improved trade flows, experts caution that the growing digital footprint also expands the potential attack surface for cyber threats.
“A modern port is now part of a much larger digital trade ecosystem where all systems need to work together. If one part of that ecosystem is disrupted, the impact can move quickly through the supply chain,” said Martin Fernandes, Business Development Manager for Operational Technology in Africa at Fortinet.
South Africa is investing heavily in modernising its transport infrastructure. Late last year, Transnet announced plans to invest R127 billion over five years to upgrade rail infrastructure and key port facilities, including Durban’s Pier 2 container terminal and the Richards Bay dry-bulk terminal. In December 2025, the state-owned logistics company also signed a 25-year concession agreement with ICTSI to modernise Durban Container Terminal Pier 2, which processes more than 40% of the country’s container traffic.
Fernandes said these investments could significantly improve cargo throughput by introducing technologies such as automated yard management and integrated digital platforms that connect shipping lines, customs authorities, freight forwarders and terminal operators. However, he stressed that the benefits of digitalisation depend on securing these interconnected systems.
According to the World Bank’s 2025 Port Reform Toolkit, smart ports require cybersecurity strategies that extend beyond protecting a single network. Instead, operators must secure every connected system, including operational technology, cloud services, contractor access, gate automation and logistics platforms.
“The bigger question is how every connected system is identified, monitored and protected… the maritime industry needs to rethink its cybersecurity posture and move toward a seamless, comprehensive, and zero-trust strategy,” Fernandes said.
The International Maritime Organization similarly considers cyber risk an operational issue, recommending that ports integrate cybersecurity into broader risk management frameworks to ensure safe and reliable shipping operations.
Fernandes argued that strong cybersecurity should be viewed as an enabler of trade rather than a compliance requirement, noting that disruptions to yard management systems or third-party platforms can quickly affect wider supply chains.
He added that as South Africa modernises its ports, cyber resilience should be embedded alongside investments in automation, infrastructure and private-sector participation to support safer, faster and more reliable trade.